{"id":2334,"date":"2018-02-20T15:59:57","date_gmt":"2018-02-20T20:59:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/?p=2334"},"modified":"2018-03-06T14:19:03","modified_gmt":"2018-03-06T19:19:03","slug":"listas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/?p=2334","title":{"rendered":"Listas"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Una lista es una agrupaci\u00f3n lineal de elementos, que pueden duplicarse. A una lista se a\u00f1aden elementos por la cabeza, por el final, en general por cualquier punto. Tambi\u00e9n, se permite eliminar elementos de uno en uno, o bien todos aquellos que est\u00e9n en una colecci\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hay dos tipos de listas, las secuenciales y las enlazadas. El concepto general de lista est\u00e1 representado por la interfaz List; esta interfaz es la ra\u00edz de la jerarqu\u00eda y por conversi\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica toda colecci\u00f3n de tipo lista se puede tratar con una variable de tipo List.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ejemplo<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0List lista;<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0lista = new ArrayList();<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0lista = new LinkedList();<\/span><\/p>\n

La jerarqu\u00eda de listas se muestra en la siguiente figura. Java 2 ha modificado las clases hist\u00f3ricas Vector y Stack para ubicarlas en esta jerarqu\u00eda, mantienen la funcionalidad hist\u00f3rica y, adem\u00e1s, la funcionalidad heredada de la clase AbstractList.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jerarqu\u00eda de colecciones List.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

AbstractList es una clase abstracta que se utiliza como esqueleto para implementar clases concretas con la caracter\u00edstica de acceso aleatorio a los elementos, como un arreglo. Esto quiere decir que se puede acceder a un elemento por un \u00edndice. Una clase que derive de esta debe implementar los m\u00e9todos get(int indice), size(), y adem\u00e1s, si va a realizar cambios, set(), add() y remove(); los m\u00e9todos iterator(), listIterator(), indexOf() est\u00e1n definidos por esta clase. La clase ArrayList es una clase concreta que deriva de AbstractList; se utiliza para almacenar cualquier tipo de elementos, incluso est\u00e1 recomendado su uso en lugar de Vector.\u00a0(Ver Vector y Stack)<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

ArrayList<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Esta clase agrupa elementos como un arreglo. Es equivalente a Vector, pero con las mejoras introducidas por Java 2. Se puede acceder a cualquier elemento, insertar o borrar a partir del \u00edndice en cualquier posici\u00f3n, aunque un tanto ineficiente si se realiza en posiciones intermedias. La clase ArrayList tiene tres constructores:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0public ArrayList();<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0public ArrayList(int capacidad);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0public ArrayList(Collection c);<\/span><\/p>\n

Por ejemplo, se crea una colecci\u00f3n con los elementos de un vector:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Vector v = new Vector();<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ArrayList al = new ArrayList(v);<\/span><\/p>\n

La clase ArrayList implementa los m\u00e9todos de la interfaz List, tambi\u00e9n el m\u00e9todo clone() de la interfaz Cloneable para poder crear una copia independiente de la colecci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ejemplo<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Se realizan las operaciones de a\u00f1adir, eliminar, buscar y reemplazar con una colecci\u00f3n de tipo ArrayList. La colecci\u00f3n va a estar formada por cadenas (String) le\u00eddas del teclado. Una vez formada la colecci\u00f3n es eliminada una cadena concreta y se reemplaza el elemento que ocupa la posici\u00f3n central. Para realizar una b\u00fasqueda se utiliza el m\u00e9todo indexOf() que devuelve la posici\u00f3n que ocupa, o bien -1; a partir de esta posici\u00f3n se crea un iterador llamando al m\u00e9todo iterator() con el fin de recorrer y, a la vez, escribir los elementos.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0import java.util.*;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0public class ListaArray {<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 public static void main(String[] args) {<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Scanner entrada = new Scanner(System.in);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0List av = new ArrayList();<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0String cd;<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0System.out.println(\u00abDatos de entrada (adios para acabar)\u00bb);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0try{<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0do{<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 cd = entrada.nextLine();<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 if(!cd.equalsIgnoreCase(\u00abadios\u00bb))<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0av.add(cd);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 else break;<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0}while(true);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0System.out.println(\u00abLista completa: \u00bb + av);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\/\/ elimina una palabra<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0System.out.println(\u00abPalabra a eliminar: \u00ab);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0cd = entrada.nextLine();<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0if(av.remove(cd))<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 System.out.println(\u00abPalabra borrada, lista actual: \u00bb + av);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0else<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 System.out.println(\u00abNo esta en la lista la palabra\u00bb);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\/\/ reemplaza elemento que est\u00e1 en el centro<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0av.set(av.size()\/2, \u00abNuevaCadena\u00bb);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0System.out.println(\u00abLista completa: \u00bb + av);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\/\/ busqueda de una palabra<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0System.out.println(\u00abB\u00fasqueda de una palabra: \u00ab);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0cd = entrada.nextLine();<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0int k = av.indexOf(cd);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\/\/ crea iterador y recorre la lista hacia adelante<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0if(k>=0){<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0System.out.println(\u00abRecorre la lista\u00bb);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Iterator ls = av.iterator();<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0while(ls.hasNext()){<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0System.out.print((String)ls.next() + \u00bb \u00ab);<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0}<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0}<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0}catch(Exception e) {;}<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 }<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0}<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una lista es una agrupaci\u00f3n lineal de elementos, que pueden duplicarse. A una lista se a\u00f1aden elementos por la cabeza, por el final, en general por cualquier punto. Tambi\u00e9n, se permite eliminar elementos de uno en uno, o bien todos aquellos que est\u00e9n en una colecci\u00f3n.\u00a0<\/p>

Seguir leyendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2337,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2334"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2716,"href":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions\/2716"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.manualjava.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}